珍珠的历史:穿越时空的旅程

The History of Pearls: A Journey Through Time
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Key Takeaways

  • Pearls are the world’s oldest gemstones. They history of pearls spans thousands of years, beginning with early coastal discoveries and evolving into a global symbol of beauty and cultural meaning. 
  • From dangerous diving to sustainable farming. The history of pearl diving reflects a shift from high-risk diving to modern, ethical cultivation.  
  • Cultured pearls transformed the industry. Innovations by Kokichi Mikimoto revolutionised the market, marking a major milestone in cultured pearl history.  
  • Pearls have shaped fashion across centuries. From ancient Rome to modern icons like Coco Chanel, the history of pearls in fashion highlights their enduring role as a staple of timeless style.  
  • Australia plays a vital role in modern pearling. Regions like Broome and farms like our Cygnet Bay and Broken Bay pearl farm are central to producing some of the world’s finest and most sustainable Saltwater pearls. 

Summarise This Article

作为世界上最古老的宝石,珍珠早在有文字记载之前就受到人们的喜爱。通过《澳大利亚珍珠》深入了解珍珠的丰富历史,探索它们从古老起源到现代养殖的永恒历程。

珍珠母的历史

珍珠母是软体动物壳内层的一种彩虹色物质的名称。它主要存在于三种软体动物中,包括珍珠贝、淡水贻贝和鲍鱼。

珍珠母的使用已有数百年历史,其使用可追溯到公元前 4200 年的古埃及。15 世纪,珍珠母被奥斯曼土耳其人广泛使用,历史上一直用于宗教场所的建筑和装饰。其中之一就位于我们的后院——著名的比格尔湾圣心教堂。圣心教堂距离布鲁姆不到一小时车程,位于前往我们 小天鹅湾珍珠养殖场

珍珠简史

采珠是从海水或淡水中的牡蛎或软体动物中采集珍珠的过程。

直到 20 世纪,寻找和收集珍珠的唯一方式就是潜水。最早有记载的潜水采珠事例可以追溯到公元前 2000 年的中国,当时世界各地的采珠人冒着生命危险,潜入 100 英尺深的水下寻找珍珠贝,希望能找到珍贵的宝石。

如今,市场上几乎所有的珍珠都是养殖珍珠。天然珍珠极其罕见,大多数天然珍珠贝床由于过去的过度采收而枯竭。

珍珠是如何形成的?

珍珠的形成是一种保护反应:当某种刺激物进入牡蛎或软体动物的壳内时。就天然珍珠而言,这种刺激物可能是骨头、一粒沙子或一粒灰尘,当它进入贝壳时,就会触发贝壳的防御机制。贝壳的防御机制以及它保护自己免受这种外来物质侵害的方式是分泌一层称为珍珠层的物质。这种珍珠层会覆盖意外进入贝壳的外来物质,这个过程会在几年内慢慢形成一颗珍珠。

虽然养殖珍珠是真实的,但天然珍珠也是由牡蛎或软体动物的贝壳产生的,唯一的区别是它们需要人类的帮助才能生长。珍珠养殖涉及珍珠养殖者以物理方式植入刺激物的过程,这种刺激物是一种称为核的小珠子。它被插入贝壳的软组织中,在这里形成珍珠层——就像天然珍珠的形成一样。

The History of Mother of Pearl

The history of mother of pearl is deeply intertwined with the pearl industry itself. This iridescent inner shell lining has been used for tens of thousands of years, with evidence dating back to the Bardi Jawi people of the Dampier Peninsula. The pearl shell was both an important and nutritious food source and was of great cultural significance. They would carve the mother of pearl shell into a teardrop shape and then carve unique lines into the shell before staining it with red ochre. 

On the other side of the world, mother of pearl shell became prominent over 6,000 years ago, with evidence dating back to Ancient Egypt. It later became prominent in Ottoman architecture, religious artefacts and decorative inlay work in decor and furniture.  

By the 19th century, mother of pearl became a global commodity through button production. In Broome, vast oyster beds positioned the region as the world’s leading supplier. At one stage, Broome contributed to over 80% of global mother of pearl before World War II.  

The History of Pearl Diving 

For centuries, the only way to source pearls was through dangerous pearl divers date back to around 2,000 BCE in China, with others operating across the Persian Gulf, India and Sri Lanka. These divers would descend up to 30 metres on a single breath, risking their lives in search of oysters that might contain a pearl.  

This era defined the early history of pearls and directly influenced wealth and trade across multiple regions.  

Comparing Historical Diving Methods with Modern Cultivation 

Then: 

  • Free diving with no equipment 
  • High risk, low success rate 
  • Natural pearls were and are extremely rare 

Now: 

  • Sustainable pearl farming of Saltwater pearls 
  • Diving for pearl shell with suits and equipment 
  • Safety procedures now in place

Today's methods reflect a refined evolution of the industry, where careful craftsmanship replaces chance.  

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How Has Pearl Farming Evolved Over Time? 

The shift from natural harvesting to farming marks one of the most important turning points in cultured pearl history.  

In the late 19th century, Kokichi Mikimoto revolutionised the industry by developing a reliable method for cultured pearls. By 1899 he successfully brought cultured Akoya pearls to market, forever changing accessibility and supply of Saltwater pearls. 

Modern pearl farming has since evolved into a highly skilled practice that balances: 

  • Marine science 
  • Environmental stewardship 
  • Generational knowledge 

At Australian pearl farms like Cygnet Bay and Broken Bay, pearl cultivation is deeply connected to sustainability and the health of our oceans.  

御木本是谁?他因何而闻名?

面店老板的儿子御木本幸吉 (Kokichi Mikimoto) 是一位日本人,他最先学会了如何持续养殖珍珠。御木本幸吉对全球养殖珍珠产业的创立起到了至关重要的作用,1899 年,他开始通过自己的珍珠养殖技术在日本销售阿古屋珍珠。

澳大利亚珍珠养殖先驱

1960 年,澳大利亚珍珠公司率先在澳大利亚首次试验性养殖珍珠,开创了珍珠养殖的新方式,而当时这种做法在澳大利亚乃至日本以外的世界其他地方都鲜为人知。如果没有日本人的参与,世界上没有一家珍珠养殖场能够成功发展。这一切都改变了,这要归功于布朗家族及其对一项被认为几乎不可能的探索的热情。从树皮小屋和手工工具开始,澳大利亚珍珠养殖先驱的故事开始了。林登·布朗随后培训并雇用了三名当地的 Bardi Jawi 男子——汤姆·威根 (Tom Wiggan)、奥布里·蒂根 (Aubrey Tigan) 和戈登·迪克森 (Gordon Dixon)——来养殖珍珠,就这样,第一家全澳大利亚珍珠养殖场在 金伯利的 Cygnet Bay 珍珠养殖场建立起来了。

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珍珠的不同类型

无论是阿古屋珍珠、大溪地珍珠、南海珍珠还是淡水珍珠,不同种类的珍珠形成过程并没有区别。

阿古屋珍珠

阿古屋珍珠是一种产自合浦珠母贝的海水珍珠。这种珍珠主要产于日本沿海较冷的水域,以及越南、韩国和澳大利亚。

我们的阿古屋珍珠是在位于新南威尔士州中央海岸的布罗肯湾珍珠养殖场的蔚蓝海水中可持续生长的。

大溪地珍珠

大溪地珍珠受到波利尼西亚人的崇敬,在他们的文化中,大溪地珍珠被视为爱与生育之神奥罗 (Oro) 的礼物。17 世纪,法国人抵达并殖民,在此期间,他们迷上了这些独特的珍珠。他们开始收获所有的珍珠贝,这几乎导致它们灭绝,直到 1880 年颁布了限制收获的法令。

20 世纪 60 年代,现代珍珠养殖技术和珍珠养殖场被引入这些岛屿,如今大溪地珍珠占珍珠市场的 20%。

南洋珍珠

南海珍珠是一种海水珍珠,被认为是所有珍珠中最稀有的一种。它们产自大珠母贝,其名称“南海”源于其产地,因为这种珍珠产于南半球,特别是澳大利亚北部、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、缅甸和法属波利尼西亚。

我们的南海珍珠是在西澳大利亚金伯利海岸的Cygnet Bay 珍珠养殖场的原始和偏远水域中可持续养殖的。

淡水珍珠

淡水珍珠生长在河流、湖泊、水库和池塘中,大部分产自中国。淡水珍珠通常光泽度较低,珍珠层较薄,一次可产出多颗珍珠,养殖时间也比海水珍珠短。

布鲁姆在珍珠产业中的作用

布鲁姆是珍珠养殖业的第一个现代时期的一部分——19 世纪 70 年代,珍珠母捕捞业开始在此兴起。1910 年,澳大利亚珍珠贝壳产业达到顶峰,布鲁姆成为全球 80% 以上珍珠母供应中心。不幸的是,这一产业在 20 世纪 40 年代的战争后瓦解,塑料取代了珍珠母。考虑到这一点,澳大利亚渔业将养殖珍珠合法化,此前该产业被禁止近 20 年。

澳大利亚第一家珍珠养殖场于 1956 年在布鲁姆以北 370 公里的库里湾建立,当时澳大利亚南洋珍珠首次采用御木本技术进行养殖。仅仅 4 年后,第一家澳大利亚人拥有并经营的珍珠养殖场在布鲁姆建立,这就是我们自己的 Cygnet Bay Pearls。Cygnet Bay Pearl Farm是第一家成功商业化养殖澳大利亚南洋珍珠的非日本公司。

不同文化中珍珠的象征意义

世界各地的文化都赋予珍珠独特的象征意义。希腊文化认为珍珠是爱神阿佛洛狄忒的眼泪。在印度文化中,印度教的主要神祇克里希纳在与妻子结婚时会赠送珍珠。

此外,阿拉伯文化与希腊人持有类似的观念,认为珍珠是众神的眼泪落入海洋并进入牡蛎壳的结果。珍珠在阿拉伯文化中具有重要意义,因为在养殖珍珠出现之前,波斯湾是珍珠贸易的中心,那里拥有丰富的天然牡蛎养殖场。

40,000 多年来,丹皮尔半岛的巴迪贾维人一直在采集珍珠壳。珍珠壳不仅是一种重要且营养丰富的食物来源,而且具有极其重要的文化意义

基督教圣经甚至将天堂之门描述为用珍珠雕刻而成。珍珠和珍珠壳的全球文化意义重大,几千年来一直如此——尤其是在珠宝中的应用。

珍珠首饰的演变

我们知道珍珠作为一种首饰形式被佩戴,这得归功于在公元前 420 年的波斯公主墓中发现的一块珍珠首饰碎片,该墓有 2,400 年历史。在古罗马和古代中国,珍珠首饰被视为一种重要的地位象征——甚至尤利乌斯·凯撒也颁布了一项法律,规定只有上流社会的人才能佩戴珍珠。

15 世纪和 16 世纪被称为珍珠时代,珍珠被发现后,西欧对珍珠的需求不断增加。皇室和贵族的女士们开始佩戴珍珠项链、珍珠耳环、珍珠手镯和胸针。珍珠首饰的需求量极高,最终导致 19 世纪天然珍珠和牡蛎养殖场不幸衰落。

What Historical Periods Are Known For Their Prominent Pearl Use In Fashion?  

The Pearl Age (15th to 17th Century) 

This period marked the height of the history of pearls in fashion, particularly across European royalty. Pearls were set in crowns, necklaces, hairpieces, gowns, and more.  

Victorian & Edwardian Eras 

Pearls symbolised elegance and femininity, often warn in delicate strands and brooches.   

20th Century Revival 

Icons like Coco Chanel redefined pearls as everyday luxury, layered and effortlessly chic.  

The Impact of Famous Historical Pearl Collections on Contemporary Designs 

Royal and historic pearl collections have heavily influenced modern jewellery design. From elaborate royal pearl strands to heirloom pieces, these collections inspire: 

  • Layered pearl styling 
  • Mixed materials: Gold, pearls and diamonds in intricate designs 
  • Statement yet organic forms 

Today’s designers reinterpret these influences through a contemporary lens, balancing tradition with innovation.  

珍珠产业的未来

现今市面上的珍珠几乎都是养殖珍珠,现代养殖技术与工艺十分先进,养殖出来的珍珠品质已达到前所未有的最高水平。

如上所述,我们现在知道所有珍珠都是有机宝石,并被视为可再生资源,其未来与可持续的环境标准息息相关

澳大利亚珍珠珠宝精选

为何选择澳大利亚珍珠作为您的珍珠首饰?

发现 Pearls of Australia 珍珠首饰的与众不同之处,这里的珍珠首饰将工艺与澳大利亚本地珍珠的道德采购相结合。发现我们在高级珠宝世界中脱颖而出的独特之处。

找到适合您的完美珍珠首饰!

在购买我们的珍珠饰品之前,您是否想与我们的珠宝和珍珠专家交谈?他们很乐意为您提供任何帮助,请发送电子邮件至hello@pearlsofaustralia.com.au或致电 (08) 6478 6886 联系他们。

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History of Pearls FAQs

What is the history of pearls? 

The history of pearls dates back over 4,000 years, with early discoveries in regions like China and the Persian Gulf. Initially found by chance while gathering food, pearls quickly became symbols of wealth, power and spirituality across ancient civilisations.

How were pearls discovered?  

Pearls were likely discovered accidentally by early coastal communities opening oysters for food. Inside, they found naturally formed gems, sparking fascination and leading to the development of pearl diving and trade.

What is the difference between natural and cultured pearls?

Natural pearls form without human intervention, while cultured pearls are created when a small seed called a nucleus is insertedinto a pearl shell. Both are real pearls, but cultured Saltwater pearls are far more common today due to sustainability and consistency.

What is the history of pearl diving?  

The history of pearl diving dates back to at least 2000 BCE. Divers in regions like the Persian Gulf and Asia would free-dive to great depths without equipment, making it a dangerous profession.

How have pearl farming techniques evolved over time?

Pearl farming has evolved from manual, unpredictable harvesting to highly refined cultivation techniques. Today, saltwater pearl farms aim to use sustainable practices and longer growth cycles to produce high-quality pearls while supporting marine ecosystems.

Why are pearls still relevant today?

Pearls remain highly valued due to their natural beauty and cultural significance. Modern pearl farming ensures they are one of the few truly renewable luxury gemstones, making them increasingly relevant in today’s ethical jewellery landscape.